Türk İslâm Medeniyeti Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi

Functional Systems in Istanbul, Şehzade and Edirne, Selimiye Mosque Complexes and Their Qualitiy Analyses

Gülşen Dişli, Ali Kaygısız, Fatih Semerci — Sun, 19 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

Heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, acoustical, clean water, wastewater, and roof drainage systems, referred to as functional systems in historic buildings, have long been among the most important factors in the continued existence of buildings. These systems, which serve to meet the water needs of buildings, provide drainage of wastewater or rain/snow water, support thermal comfort, natural ventilation, cooling, and lighting conditions for spaces and their occupants, were usually built as part of a foundation with the building itself. In this research, the Şehzade Complex in Istanbul, an apprentice work of architect Sinan, and the Selimiye Complex in Edirne, a masterpiece of his, were studied for their functional systems. These systems were presented for the first time in terms of their types, architectural features, and locations, and evaluated based on their functional quality analyses. In this way, a comparative analysis of the functional systems of two mosque complexes built by architect Sinan in the first and last period of his activity was carried out. Although the complex buildings that architect Sinan constructed are very well researched in terms of their plan, architecture, and decoration, the fact that they have been studied only in a very limited study in terms of their functional systems, which are part of the passive means of survival, increases the originality value of this research.

Transformation of a Worship Place: Hortacı Mosque (Rotonda)

Elif Durmaz, Mehmet Uysal — Sun, 19 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In this study, Hortacı Mosque in Thessaloniki, Greece, is examined with its historical background and physical changes. After the building was built as a Roman temple in the 4th century, it was used as a church with the adoption of Christianity and as a mosque when the Ottoman Empire established its sovereignty in Thessaloniki. It was converted into a church again after Thessaloniki passed to Greece. While these transformations that it has gone through throughout history have physical traces on the building, it also has an importance in the interpretation of the past with its social and cultural reflections. The fact that they are specialized structures makes the transformation and re-functioning processes of places of worship worth examining. Rotonda (Hortacı Mosque), which can be visited as a museum today, is one of them, and within the scope of this article, the literature review process for data collection was carried out and researched. The building is discussed in the physical, cultural and religious context with the transformations it has undergone throughout history. As a result, the transformation between religious building types was evaluated in terms of religious rituals, spatial arrangements and orientations, architectural elements and symbolic meanings, and similarities and differences were revealed.

A Monograph of the Akin Village, the Province of Aksaray

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Erkan Aygor, Okan Çelik — Sun, 19 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of this study is to reveal the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the Akin Village in the province of Aksaray, Turkey. The Akin Village has not previously attracted the attention of researchers. Another reason for conducting this study is that carved rock structures have rapidly started to be lost. This study is designed in the form of a village monograph. The intangible cultural heritage of the village is examined based on beliefs, traditions, folklore, on-site in-depth observations, and interviews with the villagers. Its tangible cultural heritage is investigated by surveying architectural works, preparing drawings for publication, and photography. The examination of architectural works is carried out by including one mosque, one fountain, and three carved rock structures. The concept of living in caves, which are perhaps the oldest forms of rural architecture, in the Paleolithic Period is well-known, while it is stated that this form of living continued also in the Neolithic Period in the Cappadocia region. With the migration movements starting in the 16th century toward the Akin Village and its vicinity, the style of living in carved rock structures and underground cities whose examples were observed in Cappadocia by people started to be implemented in caves. This migration movement continued in the region, and people lived in twenty caves located in the Old Akin Village. Today’s elderly, who were born in these caves, report that people used to inhabit these structures until the 1960s. Life in the village which was moved to its current location started with the distribution of private-registered land to the people in 1966 by state support. The Old Akin Village Mosque survives today as a representation of the deep-rooted wooden post mosque-building tradition of Anatolia. Similarly, the freshwater fountain sustains the most beautiful form of traditional aqua architecture in the region with its sharp, arched style, reservoir, and sink. We owe it to future generations to preserve and maintain the tangible and intangible elements that are the living embodiments of our cultural heritage. Works of architecture and carved rock structures in and around the Old Akin Village that await urgent intervention should be taken under protection as soon as possible.

The Bitter Life Stories Aftermath of Tulip Period in Diyarbakır: Zübeyde and Leylâ Hanım Tomb

Cemal ÇIĞ — Sun, 19 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Ahmed III period (1718-1730) is recognized to as the Tulip Period in the historical context. Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha served as the Grand Vizier of this period in which change was felt in many areas from the social life to the architect. In this period, in the Ottoman capital, civil construction activities such as palace, pavilion and villa increased and especially fountains in squares created a different identity for the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. In study, Zübeyde and Leylâ Hanım Tomb which was built during the Tulip Period in Diyarbakır by builder Köprülüzâde Abdullah Pasha for his wife and daughter will be examined. In this period, the ornament was not much seen in the religious architecture in places including the capital, and the constructed building had a great significance. The tomb draws attention with its location adjacent to the south of Nebi Mosque, its plan, inscriptions, decoration program and uncovered dome. As an instance of architecture of the Tulip Period in Anatolia, Zübeyde and Leylâ Hanım Tomb will be discussed with considering the threnody which belongs to Poet Hâmî and its ornaments from the perspective of iconography.

The Mosques in Finike According to the Hurufat Registers (XVIth -XIXth Centuries)

Ayşe Balkaya — Sun, 19 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

There are important information about foundations and foundation institutions in the Hurufat registers. This allows us to access information about existing buildings as well as structures that do not have a foundation and have been destroyed by destruction over time. In addition, the foundation managers, especially; mosque, madrasa, school, masjid, muallimhane and lodges have been recorded on the basis of districts in the appointment of people who work in institutions such as the basis of district. The assignments in the documents not only allow the identification of districts and centers, but also the foundation structure located in the villages and road routes. Detailed information such as the names and fees of the duty holders, as well as how their appointments took place, the reasons for their appointments and dismissals, are also included in the books. In this context, the books in question reflect the religious life, educational institutions and the economic situation of the regions to which they belong, as well as the wages of officials. In the book of 19 hurufat belonging to Finike, which is located in the VGMA; district XVII^th from the end of the XIX^th century. There are assignments for mosques that continue until the middle of the century. From the Hurufat registers, information about the mosques, which are one of the religious buildings of the Finike district, belonging to the period of about two centuries can be reached.

Findings Regarding the Architecture and Ornamental Features of Heybeliada Theological School

zeynep emel ekim — Sun, 19 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0300

In the 19th and 20th centuries, while the westernization and improvement of minority rights movements in the Ottoman Empire intensified, many Greek and some other minority school buildings were constructed within the borders of the Empire. The Seminary, unlike the others, has a historical background. The Seminary School, which was established on the site of the Monastery since the Byzantine period, is not only a place of worship, but also a place where people from the palace and dignitaries were sent into exile.In the architectural programs of Greek schools; there are classrooms, workshops, laboratory, multi-purpose hall, dining hall, kitchen, gym, library, teacher's room or rooms and dormitories available. As a Greek school, Heybeliada Seminary is located in a building complex.In other words, the school structure and its annexes have been constructed on a large area. Besides the school building, there is a chapel, kitchen, laundry building, stables, courtyard and garden. The Seminary School, which made a great contribution to the 19th century of Istanbul city architecture, is among the most outstanding works of Heybeliada with its architecture and decoration. In this study, some determinations regarding to the architectural and ornamental features of Heybeliada Seminary are presented.